The full cost of implementation include stabilization fund, extensive capacity development support and capital investment for interventions 1 and 2. The NAMA will be financed through national and international public funds and private sector contributions.
 

 

It is expected that international support will be provided for the implementation of the NAMA. The international contribution is expected to be US$ 4.5 million.

Technical support is included in the capacity development cost.

The following additional positions will be created for management of the NAMA:

 NAMA Team Leader: oversees the implementation of the NAMA programme;

 Micro grid expert: is responsible for the implementation of Intervention 1 (micro grids);

 Grid extension expert: is responsible for the implementation of Intervention 2 (grid extension);

 Technical expert: supports the implementation of the two interventions in technical matters.

All these positions will be created in the NIE. To create and increase the capacity of the staff to be hired, international experts will be involved in the first phase of the NAMA. The posi-tions that will need to be filled by international experts are those of NAMA expert and rural electrification expert.

Their task will be to increase the capacity of the NAMA implementation team.

To take account of suppressed demand the parties to the UNFCCC asked the Executive Board of the Clean Development Mechanism to explore the possibility of including in the baseline a scenario where future anthropogenic emissions by sources are projected to rise above current levels, due to the specific circumstances of the host party (UNFCCC, 2012). This principle can be specifically applied to the methodology AMS-I.L:

"A suppressed demand situation is applicable when a minimum service level1 to meet basic human needs2 was unavailable to the end user of the service prior to the implementation of the project activity. Hence, these guidelines are applicable when basic human needs were not met. For example, in the pre-project scenario, households may have had only very few kerosene lamps in place that were only operated for short time periods, thereby only par-tially meeting the basic lighting demand of the household" (UNFCCC, 2012).

Significant GHG emissions arise from the use of fossil fuels in the baseline scenario. The emission factors included in the CDM methodology AMS-I.L. were determined in a conserva-tive manner through the application of emissions factors gathered from a variety of sources such as information from CDM projects, research and the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-mate Change (IPCC) (Pöyry Management Consulting, 2011).

As per AMS-I.L., the following are the baseline emission factors for each tranche of the an-nual amount of renewable electricity consumed per consumer during the crediting period:

a) For the first 55 kWh of renewable electricity consumed by each consumer the base-line emission factor is 6.8 tons of carbon dioxide per MWh (tCO2/MWh);

b) For facility consumption of more than 55 kWh but equal to or less than 250 kWh, the baseline emission factor is 1.3 (tCO2/MWh);

c) For facility consumption beyond 250 kWh, the baseline emission factor is 1.0 (t CO2/MWh.

The distinct emission factors for these three levels of energy consumption take into consid-eration the baseline technologies used to meet basic household lighting energy needs (i.e. 15W bulbs x 5 hrs/day x 365 days = 55 kWh); more extended household energy needs/micro enterprise needs (i.e. 100W fan or TV x 5 hrs/day x 365 days = 183 kWh), and the needs of public buildings and/or small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) (Pöyry Management Consulting, 2011).

In light of the challenges for the NAMA actors in monitoring electricity generation at each facility, a simplified and conservative baseline emission factor is chosen. For both interven-tions this will be 1.0 tCO2/MWh.

**Note :

1 Defined as a service level that is able to meet basic human needs. In some situations, this service level may not have been provided prior to the implementation of the CDM project activity, indicating suppressed demand with a consequent future emissions increase due to income effect, rebound effect or other technical factors such as limited availability of a service (e.g. connection to a very weak grid) or low quality of a service (e.g. aversion to pollution caused by kerosene lanterns).

2 Defined for the purpose of the guidelines to include physical and physiological needs such as basic housing, basic energy services (including lighting, cooking, drinking water supply and space heating), sanitation (waste treatment/disposal) and transportation.

 

The coordination and management of the NAMA requires an institutional structure, which shall meet the following requirements.

 It must be embedded in national and sectoral policies and strategies.

 It must be capable of effective communication and reporting as required by international agencies, such as the UNFCCC.

 It must provide an interface to international bilateral and multilateral NAMA funding entities, such as the Green Climate Fund.

 It must be able to ensure proper management of financial flows between the NAMA funding entities and the recipients.

 It must be able to ensure the achievement of NAMA targets in terms of electrification, GHG mitigation and sustainable co-benefits.

 It must be able to allow transparent monitoring of GHG emission reductions and the Sustainable Development indicators.

The recommended institutional structure of the NAMA is based on the following principles.

 Ensuring the strong involvement of national stakeholders to create country ownership and political commitment.

 Using existing and experienced entities organizational systems which are already in place and allow for prompt and smooth implementation of the NAMA.

 Ensuring that the institutional structure is appropriate for the receipt of international private and/or public donor funding.

The institutional structure for the NAMA shall include the following institutional bodies at the country level:

(i) NAMA National Focal Point or National NAMA Approver (NA);

(ii) NAMA Coordinating Authority (NCA);

(iii) NAMA Implementing Entity (NIE);

(iv) NAMA Executing Entities (NEEs).

In addition to GHG emissions, the MRV system for this NAMA will monitor the impact of the NAMA interventions on selected Sustainable Development (SD) indicators.

The selection of the SD indicators was done using the Sustainable Development Evaluation Tool (SD Tool) developed by UNDP (UNDP, 2014d). The SD Tool divides the SD indicators into four different domains: environment; social; growth and development; and economic.

The tool requires for each of the Interventions to decide whether an indicator (such as access to clean and sustainable energy, empowerment of women or improvement of livelihood of poor, etc.) is selected, identify the impact, add an explanation on the chosen indicator, define the effect (positive, negative, both) and indicate whether monitoring is done.

Monitored SD Parameters for Intervention 1 :
1 Number of health clinics electrified
2 Number of households electrified
3 People with access to RE electricity
4 Number of schools electrified
5 Number of new women-run enterprises
6 People with new income generating activities (businesses)
7 Number of new jobs (total)
8 Number of new jobs for women

Monitored SD Parameters for Intervention 2 :
1 Number of health clinics electrified
2 Households having access to electricity services
3 People with access to electricity services
4 Number of schools electrified
5 Number of new women's enterprises
6 People with new income generating activities (businesses)
7 Number of new jobs (total)

National Energy Road Map (NERM)